Effect of composition and depth of filter-bed on the efficiency of Sand-intermittent-filter treating the Industrial wastewater at Haridwar, India

Sand Intermittent Filtration (SIF) is an established technology of wastewater treatment and in recent years it gains renewed interest due to its simplicity less energy requirement. The aim the present study was evaluate modified filter-bed Reactor using Sand-intermittent-filtration for removal physicochemical parameters viz dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical demand (BOD), chemical (COD), total hardness (TH), calcium (CaH), chloride (Cl), turbidity, solids (TS), (TDS), suspended (TSS) Industrial State Development Corporation Uttarakhand Limited (SIDCUL) at Haridwar. experiments were performed with composition having sand gravel ratio 1:1 (Reactor I); 1:2 II) 2:1 III) room temperature 300C. Each categorized into A, B C type based on depth (A=10 cm, B=15 C=30 cm). maximum TS (52.21%), TDS (50.66%), TSS (57.20%), turbidity (67.36%), (28.81%), BOD (39.18%), COD (38.66%), TH (53.40%), CaH (62.57%) observed II (soil gravel- 30 cm bed) 0.49 mm effective size uniformity coefficient (UC) sand. A mixture a yielded better efficiency comparison I III. Thus, SIF could be environment-friendly economically cost-effective removing various from wastewater.